The book is the first to comprehensively examine the foreign policy and military relations of the Russian state and the Tatar independent states (Golden Horde, Kazan, Astrakhan, Siberian Khanates and Nogai Horde) in the 13th-16th centuries. (1238-1598). Many new facts and other historical information are reported, in particular, for the first time, chronological tables of the reign of all khans in all Tatar states are given. The book is of interest both to orientalists, historians, international lawyers, diplomats, and to everyone interested in Islam and the history of the Tatar people .