“We consider Dostoevsky one of the greatest innovators in the field of artistic form. He created, in our opinion, a completely new type of artistic thinking, which we conventionally called polyphonic. This type of artistic thinking found its expression in Dostoevsky's novels, but its significance goes beyond just novelistic creativity and concerns some basic principles of European aesthetics. Dostoevsky created, as it were, a new artistic model of the world, in which many of the main aspects of the old artistic form underwent a radical transformation. The task of the proposed work is to reveal this fundamental innovation of Dostoevsky through theoretical and literary analysis. In the extensive literature on Dostoevsky, the main features of his poetics could not, of course, go unnoticed (the first chapter of this work provides an overview of the most significant statements on this issue), but their fundamental novelty and their organic unity in the whole of Dostoevsky’s artistic world have been revealed and illuminated for a long time not enough. The literature about Dostoevsky was mainly devoted to the ideological problems of his work. The transient severity of this problematic overshadowed the deeper and more stable structural aspects of his artistic vision. Often they almost completely forgot that Dostoevsky was first and foremost an artist (albeit of a special type), and not a philosopher or a publicist. The special study of Dostoevsky’s poetics remains an urgent task in literary studies.” Mikhail Bakhtin The publishing layout of the book has been saved in PDF A4 format.