The publication is based on the author’s course of lectures on the history of Indian philosophy, which was first published in 1997. The first publication has long become a bibliographic rarity and, in order to satisfy demand, a new revised and significantly expanded edition has been undertaken. The book includes lecture material that takes into account new data from ancient Indian sources, primarily the Pali Canon; the volume of translations of ancient Indian texts that had never previously been translated into Russian has been more than doubled. The book can be recommended as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in the humanities and for everyone interested in Eastern culture and philosophy.