The book offers a certain systemic view of the economic realities of modern capitalism. The relationship between the latest global economic crisis and the current recession and long-term trends in the nature of the modern world economy is examined. For the first time, an attempt has been made to analyze the role of historical and technological rent; the structural changes that have occurred in developed economies in favor of the “new” economy are explained. The thesis is substantiated that public ideas about the good play a much larger role in the economy than is commonly believed. There is a consolidation of inequality both within developed economies and within the world economy, as well as a change in the nature of the impact of scientific and technological progress on the economy. The book is addressed to professional economists and politicians, as well as experts in the field of modern problems of the world and Russian economy.