The fundamental problems of modern political science in its historical and logical development are considered. The most complex problems of the rapidly changing political world of modern society are analyzed in the textbook from the standpoint of basic political science concepts, theories, methodological approaches and on the basis of the basic political science conceptual apparatus. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of political science problems of the development of modern Russian society. For students, graduate students and university teachers, as well as for all those interested in the problems of political life of society and political theory.