The book examines the issues of building natural-explanatory education in the modern strategy of relevant effective education based on the adaptive structure of cognition. Today, the school needs important changes, as a new organizational philosophy of personally determined learning is emerging in a system of distributed and diverse education, multidirectional and multidimensional relationships (student-educational reality, student and organization of their activities, teacher-student, student-student, school -school, school-institution of additional education, etc.). The recommendations proposed in the work are given taking into account today's realities and trends in Russian education, the Federal State Educational Standard, the use of information strategies for the development of education, etc. And in fact they represent digital pedagogy. This comprehensive approach largely ensures the practical and applied nature of the book.