Traditional reconstructions of the history of Cardinal R. Bellarmipo's "Galileo's exhortation" and the trial of 1633 present these dramatic episodes of intellectual history as events that unfolded exclusively in the conceptual space of confrontation between science and religion. This work offers a fundamentally different understanding of the nature of the theological controversy regarding the heliocentric theory, actively defended by Galileo. The reasons, dynamics and factual picture of the events that led to Galileo’s exhortation were determined by a system of complexly interacting contexts: logical-methodological, confessional-political, theological, sociocultural and personal psychological. With such a systemic-multi-contextual approach, the history of Galileo’s admonition, firstly, goes beyond the notorious conflict between science and religion - the favorite bugbear of Soviet historiography - acquiring a contradictory multidimensionality, and secondly, the theological component of these events is organically integrated into the broad context of confessional culture era. As a result, a complex historical phenomenon is presented in this work not as some kind of historical incident against the backdrop of a fragmented reality, but organically fits and integrates into its holistic, multi-layered image, into the historical dynamics of culture. The book will certainly be of interest to anyone interested in real history complex "Galileo case". One can only regret that the book's circulation is only 500 copies, and almost from the moment it went out of print, the book became a bibliographic rarity. Contents: Preface 5Chapter 1. The Trentine Overture 9 “Putting rebellious souls under control” 11In search of true knowledge 30Struggle for intellectual hegemony 37Science in Society of Jesus 41 Controversy De auxiliis 55 Chapter 2. Roma locuta, causa finite 70 Starry Messenger in the Shadow Theater 71 Roman Holiday 85 Anxieties of the Bibliocracy 107 “The Pigeon League,” or the Art of Theological Denunciation 120 The Draw of Fate 146 The Vigilant Eyes of the Holy Faith 175 The Roman Echo of Trident 196 Chapter 3. Impetuses of thinking 212Accidental lightness of being: the theory of free fall in Galileo's De Motu 215 Galileo's Letter to Paolo Sarpi 226 Degrees of Velocity 231 The False Path to Truth 238 “De Motu Locali” 250 Eleatic Difficulties, or Paradoxes of “Infinitesimal Atomism” 256 “Too Much Clarity” 269 The Inevitability of Circulus Vitiosus 276 The Law of Inertia in Galileo's interpretation 282The inevitability of circulus vitiosus (continued) 289Chapter 4. Exhortation 296Physics of the sacred text 296Slaves of the high lot 307“Choosing the middle path” 337Shadow of Aquinas 349Consolation of Galileo 355Figlio diletto 362Conclusion 370