The monograph proposes a new interpretation of the so-called “Copernican revolution”, which, along with the great geographical discoveries of the 15th-16th centuries, the invention of printing and other outstanding achievements, became the prologue to the intellectual revolution of the 16th-17th centuries, which led to the creation of classical natural science - The history of the creation of the heliocentric theory by Nicolaus Copernicus is considered by the author not only as a revolution in astronomy, but primarily as an event organically connected with the logical-epistemological, aesthetic, literary-artistic, theological, political and other contexts of the era. The research is based on many years of studying a wide range of primary sources and archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION 5 PART I. THE COPERNICAN REVOLUTION IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTEXTS Mundus propter nos, or the Earthly roots of the new astronomy 12 The Bovel factor: the separation of reo- and anthropocentrism 44 The demon of form 48Geometrical intermezzo, or “The general scheme of our tricks” 60“Two verses from the Aeneid” 69Physical intermezzo, or the Physical context of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus 72Logical intermezzo 85Prima ratione 91Copernicus against heliocentrism 99“The language of space compressed to a point”, or Phantoms of linear perspective 107PART II. PERCEPTION OF COPERNICA'S THEORY IN CONFESSIONALLY SPLIT EUROPE OF THE 16TH CENTURY Confessional constellations in and around the “Gutenberg Galaxy” 115 Praeceptor Germaniae 156 Natural philosophy of a believing potter, or Evangelized natural history and the needs of “low life” 159 Comet of 1531 and attitude Melanchthon to heliocentrism 178Catholic image of peace and knowledge: sons of St. . Dominic and St. Ignatius 202The unfulfilled hopes of Fra Bartolomeo 223Between physics and metaphysics 229CONCLUSION 236Appendix 245Literature used 252