The fifth volume “Science, technical and military thought, health care and education” of the encyclopedia “Spiritual Culture of China” is distinguished by the greatest novelty, since in Russia there has until now been no description of Chinese science as a whole and most of its branches. It corresponds to the breadth of the traditional understanding of science as covering the humanities and natural sciences, practical and pseudoscientific disciplines from a modern point of view (for example, astrology, alchemy, geomancy). Such an understanding of science unites it with philosophy and religion into a syncretic “teaching”, which inextricably links this volume with the previous ones. Its architectonics is built on an original combination of Chinese and Western scientific models. The general section contains detailed theoretical articles and historical essays. The Dictionary section presents basic concepts and categories, schools and directions, works and personalities. The reference section includes detailed indexes with hieroglyphs.