The book is devoted to the ethnogenesis of Belarusians for the period from the New Stone Age (3rd-2nd millennium BC) to the 13th century after the beginning of our era. The authors of the articles are divided into two groups. Some are adherents of the traditional theory, according to which the ancestors of Belarusians were Slavs. Proponents of another concept argue that our ancestors are Baltic tribes who adopted Slavic grammar and Christian doctrine in the Middle Ages. In this regard, the problem of the origin of the Belarusian language is considered. The book contains many illustrations and is intended for a wide range of readers.