The monograph is the first comprehensive study in world historiography of the political and propaganda activities of the monarchical movement “Action française”—the vanguard of French nationalism in the first half of the twentieth century—directed against Germany as the “hereditary enemy” of France. The author examines the ideas and actions of irreconcilable Germanophobes in the context of the domestic and foreign policy of France and its relations with Germany in the period from the “Dreyfus Affair,” when the forces of French nationalism were concentrated, to Hitler’s rise to power, which radically changed the situation in Europe. The research is based on a wide range of sources, virtually unknown in Russia.