Based on archival documents and mostly published for the first time, this volume shows how the formation of the policy of state anti-Semitism took place in the Soviet Union. Materials (mostly published for the first time) are presented that reflect the relevant actions of the authorities and the reaction of society to them. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between state and so-called everyday anti-Semitism, as well as various forms of social resistance to Judeophobia forced from above. The hardware cradle of official anti-Semitism was the leading Department of the leading party bodies in the apparatus of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, which was transformed in 1939 into the Personnel Department - a powerful structure , a kind of apparatus monster in charge of appointments, dismissals and transfers in the leading layers of the Soviet bureaucracy - from people's commissars (then ministers) to directors of state farms. In essence, great-power chauvinism triumphed in the USSR. Along with the leader’s constantly progressing personal Judeophobia, it was adopted by Stalin largely under the influence of the fact that in the global competition of three world ideologies - liberalism, communism and nationalism - the latter won one victory after another in the 1930s.