In a book material is expounded in a short and accessible form, touching the problem of morphological damage of nervous cages and exposure of molecular markers of нейродегенерации assessment. This problem acquires the special actuality during realization of diagnostic researches with the use of modern иммуноцитохимических approaches, advantages and the lacks of that are not yet reflected properly in the special literature.In new data are presented work about the molecular mechanisms of necrocytosis and early цитохимических signs of нейродегенерации. In detail considered and changes of nervous cages that can be registered at the use of classic нейрогистологической methodology are colourings on Нисслю. Paid attention to artefacts and possible errors in interpretation of the results got at the use of different methods researches of organs of the nervous system. In heads 5 and 6 the detailed descriptions of the modern иммуноцитохимических methodologies applied at an experimental design and at diagnostics of нейродегенеративных diseases are presented.Edition is addressed to the wide circle of specialists, using morphological approaches for the estimation of the state of organs of the nervous system both in a clinic and during realization of experimental researches (to the neurologists, нейробиологам, pharmacologists, pathologists, medico-legal experts).