The published collection is the first thematic publication of documents from the RGVA to partially RGASPI on the construction of the Red Army in 1923-1928. The vast majority of documents have not been previously published; many of them were kept in secret storage and were inaccessible to a wide range of the scientific community. The collection is based on materials from the central apparatus of the NKVM on issues of reform, in particular the reorganization of the central and local military apparatus; introducing a new system for recruiting the armed forces, ensuring the country's mobilization readiness and the combat effectiveness of the army and navy; improving the training of military personnel, as well as material, technical and social support for command and rank and file, training and education of personnel. The chronological scope of the collection is determined by the time of carrying out the main organizational events, gaining first experience and further improving the reform of the Red Army. The collection is equipped with a rich scientific and reference apparatus that allows expanding the information field of published documents and containing a unique information base on the history of military development in the USSR. The lists published in the appendices of the collection show what decisions regarding the life of the army were made and by whom in 1923-1928. in particular: lists of issues considered at meetings of the plenums of the Central Committee and the Politburo of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) - All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, as well as at meetings of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic - the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR; list of decrees and resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR; subject-thematic index of orders of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic-RVS of the USSR; chronicle of the construction of the USSR Armed Forces. The book is intended for specialist researchers of Russian history and a wide range of readers.