Book by the famous historian S.S. Voitikova has no analogues in Russian historiography. For the first time, using a number of previously unknown documents, a comprehensive study of the formation and development of domestic military intelligence and military counterintelligence during the Civil War was carried out. Also analyzed for the first time are the organization and activities of the first Soviet body of military intelligence, counterintelligence and censorship - the Operations Department of the People's Commissariat of Military Affairs and the history of the Intelligence and Military Control Courses, which became the first body for training intelligence officers in Soviet Russia. The “espionage case” of one of the founding fathers of the GRU, Georgiy Teodori, has been solved. The pages of the book examine the origins of domestic intelligence services, the formation and development of Soviet military intelligence and counterintelligence agencies. The proposed book is not only a unique reference material, but also a fascinating read for those interested in the history of our country after 1917.