The name of the ancient Greek scientist Pythagoras has been known to everyone since school. But the proof of the famous theorem about the square of the hypotenuse and the sum of the squares of the legs is only a small part of the many things that this amazing man gave to the world. A thinker and philosopher (by the way, he was the first to coin the words “philosopher” and “philosophy”), a religious figure who developed the doctrine of “metempsychosis” - the transmigration of souls, a mystic and prophet, whom his students took seriously as a god or demigod, he was one one of the leading figures of the Greek “intellectual revolution”. But during this revolution, the foundation was essentially created on which our civilization is still based. About the fate of Pythagoras and the teaching he created, as well as about Greece of his time - the 6th century BC. e., the end of the so-called archaic era, says Igor Surikov, a recognized expert in ancient history and philosophy, Doctor of Historical Sciences, in his new book.