The monograph is the result of research in the field of ancient Greek historiography conducted by the author over a number of years. The book consists of two parts. The chapters of the first part analyze the general features of historical memory and historical consciousness in ancient Greece. The following topics are covered: the relationship between research and chronicle in historiography, aspects of the origin of historical thought, the place of myth in the construction of the past, cyclist and linear ideas about the historical process, the mutual influence of historical writing and drama, local traditions of historical writing in the ancient Greek world, elements of the irrational in the works of classical Greek historians and others. The second part is devoted to various problems of the work of the “father of history” Herodotus. Its chapters examine the following issues: the place of Herodotus in the evolution of historical thought, the influence of the epic and oral historical traditions on his work, images of time in Herodotus’s “History”, problems of the reliability of this author’s data and his narrative skill, gender and ethno-civilizational issues in Herodotus, the question about the degree of completion of the “History” by the author, the geographical ideas of Herodotus, etc. In conclusion, the question is raised as to whether Herodotus belonged to the archaic or classical tradition of historical writing, and an attempt is made to give a reasoned answer. For the design of the cover, the bas-relief “Herodotus” by Jean Guillaume Mouatt, 1806 is used .