Mental Illness and Personality (1954) is Michel Foucault's first book. It contains the origins of his work, and also contains a sketch of the genealogy of madness, which seven years later will form the basis of the History of Madness in the Classical Age. This work introduces the early Foucault, unfamiliar to the Russian-speaking reader—not yet a poststructuralist, or even a structuralist, but a phenomenologist. This is a book that Foucault himself preferred not to talk about, forbade reprinting and undeservedly denied it the status of his first work. The text is equipped with a research introduction, a detailed commentary and an appendix that shows the discrepancies between the first and second editions. The book is addressed to philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, as well as everyone who is interested in the problems of modern humanities.The text of the book was translated from the original language using an artificial intelligence program. For the most part, the translation of the text is of very high quality, but in some cases, due to the imperfection of the technology, there may be incorrect phrase translations in the text, as well as single words and expressions may not be translated.