Mental Illness and Personality (1954) is Michel Foucault's first book. It contains the origins of his work, and also contains a sketch of the genealogy of madness, which seven years later will form the basis of the History of Madness in the Classical Age. This work introduces the early Foucault, unfamiliar to the Russian-speaking reader—not yet a poststructuralist, or even a structuralist, but a phenomenologist. This is a book that Foucault himself preferred not to talk about, forbade reprinting and undeservedly denied it the status of his first work. The text is equipped with a research introduction, a detailed commentary and an appendix that shows the discrepancies between the first and second editions. The book is addressed to philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, as well as everyone who is interested in the problems of modern humanities.