“The Dispute over Salt and Iron” is the only major monument of an ancient Chinese dispute that has reached us, the most important source of information about the ideology, history and culture of the Western Han (II-I centuries BC). Until now, only one complete - Japanese - translation of the monument with brief notes has been published. The Russian translation is being undertaken for the first time and is distinguished by a much more detailed commentary. The publication is published in two volumes. The first volume includes an introduction, a translation of 12 chapters of the monument, a commentary on them and a bibliography. The publication is intended for sinologists, as well as for everyone interested in the culture of ancient China. CONTENTS: DISPUTE ABOUT SALT AND IRON (YAN TE LUN) 13SCROLL 3Chapter 13. Gardens and ponds 14Chapter 14. Depreciate what is highly valued 16Chapter 15. Who “has not yet penetrated [the essence]” 21SCROLL 4Chapter 16. Expansion of the land 28Chapter 17. Poor and rich 33Chapter 18. Defamation of the teaching [Li Si] 36Chapter 19. Praise of the worthy 41SCROLL 5Chapter 20. Mutual caustic criticism 46G lava 21. Different roads 52Chapter 22. Glorifying the worthy 56Chapter 23. Follow the path 58Chapter 24. Discussion and condemnation 62Chapter 25. Honor and support parents 66Chapter 26. Caustic criticism of the judgment of [the enemy] 70Chapter 27 Discussion. [ question] about what benefits 72Chapter 28. The weakness of the state 75SCROLL 6Chapter 29. Excess [of wealth for some] and [its] lack [for others] 82厂lava 30. How to get rid of want 98厂lava 31. Stone needle for acupuncture 100Chapter 32. Eliminate the narrowness [of the path] 102Chapter 33. Hate greed 104Chapter 34. Push punishment into the background 106Chapter 35. “[For guidance in field work] give [to the people records of] the seasons” 108Chapter 36. Floods and droughts 111SCROLL 7Chapter 37 . Honor the norms of behavior 116Chapter 38. Early measures [for defense] from the barbarians hu 119Chapter 39. Fulfill duties 124Chapter 40. The ability to speak 127Chapter 41. Extortions from the lower 128Chapter 42. Attack them 132SCROLL 8G chapter 43. Conclude [a mutual agreement] agreement 135Chapter 44. Reproaches of the [dynasty] Qin 139G lava 45. Boast of merit 142Chapter 46. Western region 144Chapter 47. What is urgently needed in our century 148Chapter 48. [Mutual] agreement and intimacy 152SCROLL 9Chapter 49. Military duties 156Chapter 50. natural [natural ] strongholds 158Chapter 51. Discussion of courage 163Chapter 52. Discussion of merit 166Chapter 53. Discussion of Zou [Yan] 171Chapter 54. Discussion of natural disasters 173SCROLL 10Chapter 55. Punishments and inner spiritual strength 178Chapter 56. Shen [Bu-hai] and Han [Fei] 183Chapter 57. Zhou and Qin 187Chapter 58. Let us tell about the perfect sages 192Chapter 59. Final discussion 197Chapter 60. Various judgments 201COMMENTARY 203APPENDICES 659List of abbreviations: 660Bibliography 662Index of names and titles 695Index of geographical names 724 Index of ethnic names (tribes and nationalities) 739List of selected annotated Chinese terms and expressions 742SUMMARY 783