The collective monograph presents topical theoretical approaches and empirical research in the field of the psychology of self-regulation. The monograph consists of seven parts, including 22 chapters.The 1st part shows the evolution of theoretical approaches and reveals modern ideas about the mental self-regulation of a person in various scientific paradigms. Part 2 is devoted to understanding the role of conscious self-regulation in the system of predictors of academic achievement and well-being of students at various levels of education. Part 3 presents research on the cognitive aspects of self-regulation in preschool age. Part 4 presents the results of clinical-physiological and psychological-pedagogical studies of the regulatory features of children with mental retardation (MPD). Parts 5 and 6 present research on conscious self-regulation under various contextual factors: the influence of the educational environment, situations of cross-cultural interaction, etc. Part 7 presents empirical studies of self-regulation in achieving professional goals and regulating the states of a working person.The materials of the monograph can be useful to psychologists and teachers, as well as to all researchers interested in issues of human self-regulation.