The monograph, for the first time in Russian historiography, analyzes the national policy of the Bolsheviks towards the Ukrainian SSR in the 1920-1930s, called Ukrainization. Ukrainization is viewed against a broad socio-political background, as an element of complex maneuvers of the Soviet leadership both in the center and in the republic. The book presents the prerequisites, stages and results of the policy of Ukrainization, tracing its connection with the general course of the party and Soviet leadership. The perception of the Bolshevik national policy by broad sections of the Ukrainian population - the intelligentsia, bureaucrats, workers, peasants - is also shown. The monograph is the first attempt in Russian historiography to analyze the national policy of Bolsheviks with regard to the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920-1930, a process which was called the “ukrainization”. This phenomenon is considered on a broad social and political background as an element of complex maneuvering of the Soviet leadership both in Moscow and in the republic itself. The book reveals the premises, the stages and the results of this policy, tracing back its connection with the general course of the party and state leadership. It also demonstrates how the national policy of the Bolsheviks has been perceived by the broad strata of Ukraine's population, its intellectuals, officials, workers and farmers.