Mill is usually classified as one of liberalism’s most strident defenders. What is less well known, however, is that Mill became increasingly open to socialist forms of economic organisation in his later life — not least in his Chapters on Socialism. How is it possible to advocate the fundamental principles of liberalism — individual freedom vis-à-vis state and society — and yet remain open to socialist forms of economic organisation?John Stuart Mill was the most influential English language philosopher of the nineteenth century. He was a naturalist, a utilitarian, and a liberal, whose work explores the consequences of a thoroughgoing empiricist outlook. In doing so, he sought to combine the best of eighteenth-century Enlightenment thinking with newly emerging currents of nineteenth-century Romantic and historical philosophy. His most important works include System of Logic (1843), On Liberty (1859), Utilitarianism (1861) and An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy (1865).