The monograph is devoted to the results of monitoring the formation of a healthy generation, carried out for 15 years by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISEDT RAS] with the support of the Government of the Vologda Region and the Institute of Socio-Economic Problems of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISEPT RAS). The main trends in the formation of children's health in the transformational conditions of development of Russian society for the period from 1995 to 2010. The comprehensive nature of the study made it possible to obtain results that will be useful not only to employees of health, education, social protection authorities, scientists whose professional interests lie in the field of demography, economics, health and family policy, but will also be of interest to everyone who is raising a child or preparing for this.