In order to discuss the possibility of Russia emerging from the state of decline of the manufacturing economy in the conditions of market commodity-money exchange, or rather, from the accelerating collapse of industrial and agricultural production, we must first understand what is happening now in social relations. It is in the decomposition of social relations that the root cause of the decline of the productive forces of any country, including present-day Russia, is located. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the general pattern of social development as such, to discover in it, in this pattern, the state in which social relations exist in present-day Russia, to identify the main bearers of advanced social consciousness and to show them a clear, scientifically grounded way to overcome the current situation that is disastrous for real economy and state of affairs.  This work is devoted to this task.