This work is the first to overcome the confusion in the concept of nationalization, which is widespread both in Russia and in the West. It is theoretically explained what nationalization is, how it differs from the bureaucratic nationalization of property. It also proves when and why nationalization is inevitable in Russia, as an indispensable condition for the transition from speculative-commercial to industrial capitalism, capitalism of commodity production. The book was written in 1997. But right now, at the beginning of 2013, when the irreversible crisis of the regime of the bureaucratic and police speculative commercial oligarchy is becoming obvious to many, it is becoming politically topical.