The work of Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995), a famous French philosopher, “Marcel Proust and Signs” (the first author’s version), reminiscent in form of a kind of commentary on M. Proust’s multi-volume epic “In Search of Lost Time,” is essentially serious philosophical analytics of the sign and text as such. Many plots and themes, already familiar to the domestic reader from various publications in Russian, find their detailed expression in the text of J. Deleuze offered to the reader’s attention. The collection also includes two articles by the philosopher “By what criteria are structuralism recognized” and “The Mystery of Ariadne according to Nietzsche.” The book is addressed to a wide range of readers interested in philosophical and philological issues.