Jean-François Lyotard (1924–1998) is one of the most significant representatives of modern philosophy. In the work offered to the reader, European anti-Semitism with its culmination - the Holocaust, the attitude of European culture to this “event”, Heidegger’s notorious “unrepentance”, the degree of involvement of the great thinker - and his thoughts - in the elements of Nazism - this whole complex of themes is subjected to radical development by Lyotard , paradoxically based on the analysis of extremely classical and seemingly unrelated constructions: some Freudian concepts and the category of the sublime in Kant’s “Critique of Judgment.” The book caused a serious resonance both in France and abroad. Published in Russian for the first time.