The book brought to the attention of readers is devoted to an important and complex problem. It has been studied by historians, sociologists, lawyers and other specialists. Nevertheless, the problem of studying and understanding the Soviets still remains. Therefore, the authors, Doctor of Philosophy, Professor in the Department of Philosophy, Head of the Leningrad Branch of the Workers' Academy Foundation A. S. Kazennov, and Doctor of Philosophy, Professor in the Department of Economics and Law, President of the Workers' Academy Foundation M. V. Popov, considered it useful to collect the results of their searches under one cover and propose for thought for those who want to understand this complex issue. This in no way means that the authors themselves have already studied everything, published it and can rest. No, work on the theory of Soviets of Workers' Deputies continues, and the authors hope that the publication of this book will encourage young forces to do this work. The book will be useful and interesting to those who strive in word and deed to bring closer the revival of Soviet power in Russia, to fight for its progressive development .Published with the support of the Workers' Academy Foundation.