The book offered to the reader’s attention contains the most important works of the French philosopher, founder of the theory of anarchism, Pierre Joseph Proudhon (1809–1865): “What is property? Or An Inquiry into the Principle of Law and Power” and “Poverty as an Economic Principle”. They most fully embodied Proudhon's idea of an ideal society based on the “synthesis of community and property,” which he calls the society of freedom. Its components are equality (of conditions) and the rule of law (but not the rule of anyone’s will). The book also includes Proudhon’s posthumously published essay “Pornocracy, or Women in the Present Time” - a sociological study on the role of women in modern society, its significance in the history of human development. These works of Proudhon have not been published in our country for about a hundred years. As an appendix, the book contains a letter from K. Marx to I.B. Schweitzer “About Proudhon” and an essay about him by the famous economist, historian and sociologist M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, as well as excerpts from the works of Sh.O. Saint-Beuve “Proudhon, his life and correspondence” and S. - R. Taillandier “Proudhon and Karl Grün”. The publication is equipped with comments, an index of names (removed in fb2 due to physical meaninglessness). Intended for everyone who is interested in philosophy, ethics, sociology.