All the essays in the collection were created on occasion, for presentation at conferences and meetings. With all the variety of topics, all the essays are of an ethical nature, that is, they talk about what is good to do, what is bad to do and what should not be done under any circumstances. “Eternal Fascism” - report (English version) at a symposium held by Italian and French departments of Columbia University (New York) on April 25, 1995, the anniversary of the liberation of Europe. Published under the title “Eternal Fascism” in the New York Review of Books on June 22, 1995, then in Italian translation in La Rivista dei Libri for July-August 1995 under the title “Fuzzy Totalitarianism and Ur-Fascism.” (the version published below differs only in minor stylistic amendments). But it should be borne in mind that this text was created for American students and was read at a symposium in the days when America was shocked by the Oklahoma terrorist attack and the discovery of what was generally an open secret - that there were right-wing extremist paramilitary organizations in the United States. The topic of anti-fascism acquired special connotations in these circumstances, and the historical discussion was intended to facilitate reflection on the current situation in different parts of the globe. The speech was translated into many languages and published in many countries. Since the essay was designed for American students, it is clear why it is replete with facts and explanations of an almost school-like nature, and also why there are so many quotes from Roosevelt (Roosevelt is a symbol of American anti-fascism) and why I especially note the meeting of European and American soldiers during the days of the liberation of Europe .