The book reflects some of the results of research work within the framework of the international project “Christianity and Judaism in the Orthodox and “Latin” cultures of Europe. Middle Ages – Modern Times”, carried out by the Center “Ukraine and Russia” of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Center for Ukrainian and Belarusian Studies of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. The goal of the project is a consistent comparative analysis of the attitude of Christians (the church, the state, the educated strata and the broad masses of the population) towards Jews in the countries of the Byzantine-Orthodox and Western (“Latin”) civilization circle. Conducted research reveals significant differences (at least asymmetry) in attitudes towards Jews and Judaism in Orthodox and Western Christian cultures. Some aspects of these differences are shown in the collected articles.