The book is dedicated to the philosophical understanding of the concept and practices of citizenship in the modern world. It examines the most important problems of the theory of citizenship and the main parameters and directions of the intense discussions they provoked in the global philosophical and scientific community. The architecture of the book is also subordinated to the task of identifying the polemical tension of modern discourse on citizenship. It includes T. H. Marshall's seminal essay, which was the starting point of modern debates about citizenship. The reader’s attention is drawn to their key points by an extensive introduction written by V. Malakhov and which is “critical” in relation to the other two texts that make up this book. The book is intended for philosophers, political scientists, sociologists and historians.