The book is dedicated to revealing the necessary connections between freedom and evil. Distraction from them does not prevent the construction of the abstract idea of freedom, but it does not allow us to understand it as always the concrete practices of liberation. Why is pure moral philosophy or normative ethics blind to this distinction between “freedom as an idea” and “freedom as liberation”? How to overcome such blindness and how does such overcoming transform ethical thought, historicizing and politicizing it? Must ethical thought thus transformed retain certain key concepts of pure moral philosophy, and above all the formal concept of duty, in order to be consistently and uncompromisingly historical and political? These questions are at the center of this book. Their discussion unfolds in the context of analysis and criticism of Kant’s moral philosophy - both its metaphysical “canon” and its revision in Kant’s later writings, and primarily in “Religion within the Limits of Reason Only.” The book is addressed to everyone interested in moral and political philosophy, studying and teaching these disciplines.