The book of нейрофизиолога Джакомо Риццолатти, written to them in co-authorship with a philosopher Коррадо Синигальей, is sanctified to the problem, in the study of that Риццолатти is legally considered one of leading world specialists. It is a problem of the so-called "mirror neurons" in the cerebrum of man, playing the special role both in realization of the simplest imitative motive acts and in social cognition and behavior of man. In a book a reader will find information about the newest researches of cerebral mechanisms, that stand after understanding of purposeful actions of other man, mastering of language, recognition of emotions, сопереживанием and other processes flowing of that is indissolubly related to work of the system of mirror neurons.A book is addressed to the specialists in the different areas of когнитивной science : нейробиологам, linguists, psychologists, philosophers, to the anthropologists, and also all readers, interested in modern когнитивными researches, including within the framework of one of new research areas, getting the name "Social нейронаука".