The textbook is devoted to the study of the processes of formation of modern nations (“nation building”), national and nationalist movements. Modern theories of domestic and foreign science, from primordialism to constructivism and instrumentalism, are presented and generalized. Parts 1–7 prepared by Dr. ist. Sciences, Professor A.I. Filyushkin, part 8 – Dr. ist. Sciences, Professor S. E. Fedorov. The textbook is intended for students of master's programs "History and Theory of Nations and Problems of Nationalism", and can also attract the attention of anyone interested in the problems of the formation of nations in world history.