The book examines a hundred-year period of Siberian history (1580 - 1680s), when Khan Kuchum, and then his children and grandchildren fought to regain power over the Siberian Khanate. For the first time, the living conditions of the khan and princes in steppe exile, their coalition with neighboring rulers, primarily the Kalmyk ones, are examined in detail. Much attention is paid to the relations of Kuchum and Kuchumovich with their former subjects - the Siberian Tatars and Bashkirs. The long-term efforts of Moscow diplomacy to lure Siberian dynasts under the rule of the Russian “white tsar” are described. The study was written using archival sources, many of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. CONTENTS: Introduction 3Chapter 1. Royal “Cossacks” 10Chapter 2. Enemies, friends and neighbors. Kuchum's last battle 32Chapter 3. Khan Ali 62Chapter 4. Kuchumovichs and Kalmyks 83Chapter 5. Raids, rebellions, negotiations 99Chapter 6. Life and life of the “wandering princes” 124Conclusion 138Sources and bibliography 144Appendices: Materials on the Siberian-Tatar embassies to the Moscow State 158Index 218