In the old days in Rus', in pious ancient Russian families, collections of ascetic teachings, mainly compiled under the guidance of patristic works, known under the name: “Diopters, or Mirrors on the contempt of worldly vanities,” were quite a favorite reading. The proposed publication is a complex work : revision and addition of the famous work of the Athonite ascetic Philip the Hermit “Dioptra” in the Middle Ages. Quotations from the Holy Scriptures have been verified and given in places (mainly from the New Testament) in the Synodal Translation. The book is intended for the widest reader.