Merab Mamardashvili (1930–1990) is a Georgian philosopher who thought in Russian; by general recognition, he is in fact the first (in many senses) professional philosopher in Russia, for whom the main question has always been the question of thought as such - about its birth, existence, transmission to other people through time and space. Mamardashvili directly connects the question of the “act of thought” with the question of Being, as a special, highest, transcendental level of human existence, his physical self, his soul. Mamardashvili’s previously unpublished book “Lectures on Ancient Philosophy,” published by the AGRAF publishing house, is not only a story about the origins of the history of philosophical systems, it is also a “reflection on reflection.” The book is the cornerstone in the foundation of the process of revival of philosophical thought in Russia, to which Merab Mamardashvili dedicated his life and work. The publication will allow a wide range of readers to become acquainted with new work in the field of humanities.