The book represents one of the first experiments in an interdisciplinary approach to the problems of artificial intelligence in the domestic scientific literature. It examines the philosophical, methodological, general theoretical and sociocultural aspects of this issue, discusses current problems of modeling artificial intelligence in connection with a number of logical and mathematical issues and from the angle of the relationship between artificial intelligence and natural intelligence and modern developments in the problem of “consciousness and brain”. The authors of the articles are philosophers, psychologists, specialists in the field of computer science, logic, mathematics, biology, neurophysiology, linguistics.