Position is grounded in a book, that psychical reality that psychological science could not find long is reflecting and regulative on this basis activity of brain. This activity, following Ф. to Scream, with a complete right it is possible to consider psychical activity of brain. Exactly she must be confessed by the ontological article of psychology. different concrete sciences in composition that have the different concrete articles of study.The fundamental difference of psychical activity of brain opens up from all other biological processes in the body of animals and man.The psychical processes of brain have ambivalent ideally-material nature. They are ideal on the maintenance, т. to. incarnate in itself out of them existent reality. They are material, т. to. from start to finish пространственно-вещественны.To the ground pulled out positions the views of Aristotle and Spinoza, reflex theory of И. М. Сеченова, folded in home psychology understanding of psyche as reflections of reality, presentation of evolutional эпистемологии (К. Лоренц), determination of nature of ideal Э. Ильенкова, are attracted.The structure of psychical reality is examined as an integral functional system consisting of 7 basic subsystems, her evolutional sources and development.The problem of consciousness comes into question. Presentation is pulled out, that consciousness arises up then, when for a man due to a language and speech in the sphere of reflection besides the surrounding world the reflection of subject maintenance of psyche of other people and own psyche is involved also.The ideas of Дж. Эдельмана and А. М. Иваницкого are examined about the physiological mechanisms of consciousness.A hypothesis is pulled out oh to biochemical nature of quality variety of psychical reality.A book is addressed to the psychologists, philosophers, researchers of work of the nervous system and brain.