This book covers the period from the Reformation to the present. Unlike the first three books, the task of which was a detailed description of the formation and development of a single tradition of the concept of the Devil, the fourth book reveals the destruction of the unity of this tradition. Its very title reflects fragmentation, since the name Mephistopheles was invented in the sixteenth century to represent the Devil in the legend of Faust, which eventually led Western literature to such unconventional views as Goethe's.