The monograph analyzes the political situation in the Republic of China (Taiwan) from the end of the 20th century to the present. The author proves that during the period under review, post-authoritarian modernization took place in the country, that is, a certain symbiosis of authoritarian modernization, characteristic of some countries of the Far East and Southeast Asia, and democratic modernization, the standard example of which is the transformation of Western countries in the second half of the 20th century - the beginning XXI century. The specifics of post-authoritarian Taiwanese modernization are analyzed in relation to the peculiarities of the virtually two-party system that has developed in this country over the past one and a half to two decades, with primary attention paid to the Democratic Progressive Party, which the researcher considers the main subject of the changes taking place in the country. Much attention in the book is paid to the problem of forming a special – different from Chinese – Taiwanese identity, rooting ideas about this identity in the mentality of the Taiwanese. The book is intended for students, researchers and everyone interested in modern political processes in the highly developed societies of the Far East and Southeast Asia.