Luigi Pirandello, as a playwright, set as his main task the embodiment on stage of new ideas about theater as a spectacle, which required him to radically break old ideas about directing. It was during these years, developing the traditions of intellectual drama by Ibsen and especially Shaw and enriching them with the achievements of the theater of the “grotesque”, that Pirandello created his most famous philosophical plays: “Six Characters in Search of an Author” (1921), “Henry IV” (1922), “ Each in his own way" (1924), "Today we are improvising" (1930), etc. In these plays, the problem of alienation and the impossibility of human self-expression, the contradiction of “face” and “mask”, reality and dreams, the relativity of truth and etc. The play “Henry IV” is rightfully considered one of Pirandello’s most profound philosophical dramas, which is sometimes mistakenly called a farce. The main character (his real name is not given) appears only under the “mask” of the German Emperor Henry IV, who lived in the 11th century, and his lonely villa appears as an imperial castle with a throne room. Other characters in the play appear under their own names and under the names of historical figures. But, nevertheless, it tells not about the fate of the German emperor, who came into conflict with the papal authority, but about the tragic fate of a lonely man who experienced betrayal in love and friendship.