Nikolai Berdyaev wrote about the “new Middle Ages” in the twenties of the last century, but at the beginning of the twenty-first century this definition became especially relevant. It is now used by many political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers to designate the modern era. Sergei Georgievich Kara-Murza, an outstanding Russian scientist, sociologist and political scientist, was the first to conduct a complete and comprehensive analysis of the “new Middle Ages” in his fundamental research, for which he collected materials for thirty years old. Here the reasons for this historical phenomenon, its characteristic features in politics, society, culture are examined, and the bearers and opponents of the new medieval ideology are discussed. The book contains a huge amount of factual material based on hundreds of different sources.