The book analyzes a number of key problems of cognition in the context of the relationship between non-classical and classical epistemology. The communication approach is used as the main one. The connection between modern problems of epistemology and a number of current problems of social philosophy, philosophy of culture (humanism, tolerance, pluralism, criticism, rational discussion, faith and knowledge, etc.), philosophical psychology (“internal” and “external”, communication and subjective experience, etc.) is shown. consciousness and activity, consciousness and the unconscious, etc.). An analysis of traditional problems and principles of epistemology in a non-classical vein is given. A number of central problems of epistemology are essentially analyzed in detail for the first time (the problem of “I”, etc.). Some dogmatic stereotypes of domestic research in the field of the theory of knowledge are critically analyzed (the theory of reflection, the concept of sensation, perception, sensory cognition, consciousness and self-awareness, the separation of subject-object and subject-subject relations, etc.).