The ancient Roman statesman and politician, commander, writer Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) is one of the key figures in world history. With his conquest of Gaul, Caesar expanded the Roman power to the shores of the North Atlantic, and also launched an invasion of the British Isles. Caesar's activities radically changed the cultural and political face of Western Europe and left an indelible mark on the lives of subsequent generations of Europeans. Gaius Julius Caesar, possessing brilliant abilities as a military strategist and tactician, won the battles of the civil war and became the sole ruler of the Pax Romana. Along with Gnaeus Pompey, he began the reform of Roman society and the state, which after his death led to the establishment of the Roman Empire. Caesar wanted to centralize the government of the republic. Evil tongues said that he was striving for royal power. However, Caesar, remembering the bad memory of the first seven kings (because of them, the Romans could not stand the monarchy), took a different path: he became a dictator for life. He insisted on being called simply Caesar. His murder led to the resumption of civil wars, the decline of the Roman Republic and the birth of the Empire, which was led by Octavian Augustus, his son. Later, many monarchs wanted to associate themselves with the legendary Caesar. From the name of Caesar came the German word “Kaiser” and the Russian “tsar”.