A stratagem is a certain algorithm of behavior, a calculated sequence of actions aimed at achieving a hidden goal or solving a problem with mandatory consideration of the psychology of the object, its position, environment and other features of the situation. This concept has existed in Chinese culture for at least three thousand years. It is impossible to accurately determine the date of creation of this collection of stratagems. The book can be roughly dated to the Ming Dynasty, although there is no indication of either author or date. Authorship at various times was attributed to Sun Tzu (the era of Spring and Autumn) and Zhuge Liang (the Three Kingdoms). Most modern scientists are inclined to believe that the treatise came from oral and written traditions and has many variants and authors.