Arthur Schopenhauer is a German irrationalist philosopher. Schopenhauer's teaching, the main provisions of which are set forth in The World as Will and Representation and other works, is often called "pessimistic philosophy." He considered human life meaningless, and the existing world - "the worst of all possible worlds."According to Schopenhauer, the world is an "arena strewn with coals" through which a person has to go. The driving force of everything is the will to live, which gives rise to desires. But even if the desires are satisfied, a person is not able to experience happiness, instead, satiety and boredom await him, and then new desires and suffering.Schopenhauer's original ideas have been developed in various areas of social and scientific thought. His views influenced psychoanalysis and the theory of evolution, various areas of philosophy and the study of the structure of language.The first translation of Schopenhauer's work into Russian was made in 1903 by literary critic Julius Isaevich Aikhenwald, who called himself an impressionist critic and enjoyed great respect in literary circles. Thanks to the translations of Julius Aikhenwald, all the main works of Arthur Schopenhauer are available to us.Like other books in the Great Ideas series, the book will be simply indispensable in the library of students of the humanities, as well as for those who want to get acquainted with the key works and ideas of the world philosophy and culture.About the series:About the book:Publishing layout saved in a4.pdf format.