The textbook provides basic information about the structures and functions of the human body in the age aspect. Along with a description of the anatomical and physiological features of the structure of organs and systems of the body that exist normally, the publication presents their pathological variants that cause disturbances in sensory, motor and speech activity, the knowledge of which is necessary for teachers and educators of preschool and school institutions. The textbook reflects: 1 ) hygienic focus on the preservation and prevention of organs and systems of the child’s body, 2) the need for early physical and labor education, 3) the concepts of “health” are revealed, which a teacher should know about in order to draw up a training and education program, 4) possible infectious and non-infectious diseases, quarantines and vaccination of children, 5) provision of first aid to children in cases of emergency. The textbook is intended for students of higher and secondary pedagogical educational institutions of defectology, teachers and educators of specialized and general education children's institutions.